Santa Catarina & Rio Grande do Sul Felix Schumm, André Aptroot. Placynthiella icmalea ( Ach . ) Coppins & P. James , Lichenologist 16 ( 3 ) : 244 ( 1984 ) = Biatora fuliginea Fr. , K. svenska Vetensk - Akad . Handl . , ser . 3 : 264 ...
... Placynthiella icmalea) may develop, while in towns in the north of England this niche may turn over to a Calluna vulgaris — Descharnpsia flexuosa — Polytrichum assemblage. More mesic sites are colonized by a highly diverse taller ...
... Placynthiella icmalea Thallus of very small chocolate - brown coralloid granules / isidia , only up to 200 μm tall . Apothecia scattered , up to 0.5 mm diam , with a concolorous disc with a paler margin . Spores 8-12 x 4-5 μm . C + red ...