CN1478421A - Seacucumbus whole powder food and its preparation method - Google Patents
Seacucumbus whole powder food and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A whole sea cucumber powder as food is prepared from whole sea cucumber through autolysis at 0-30 deg.C for 3-48 hr, or at 40-65 deg.C for 3 hr under irradiation of ultraviolet light for 10-30 min, enzymolyzing at 15-30 deg.C for 6-24 hr, enzymolyzing with composite enzyme at 40-60 deg.C for 10 min, deactivating enzyme, and freeze drying. Its advantages are less loss of active components, low cost and less pollution.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of food of sea cucumber and preparation method thereof.
The existing at present method of the sea cucumber enzymolysis being made food of sea cucumber of background technology, as disclosed＜a kind of sea cucumber hydrolysate series of products and processing method thereof at March 14 calendar year 2001 Gazette of Patent for Invention〉(application number 99113247.5) its main preparation methods is to adopt dual-enzyme hydrolysis method promptly: the first step is to add bacillus subtilis neutral proteinase in the sea cucumber slurries, making enzyme concentration is 3-6V/ml, at PH is 6-8.5, temperature is under the 40-55 ℃ of condition, hydrolysis 1.5-4 hour, second step was to add pepsin in the solution after first step enzyme hydrolysis, make that pepsic concentration is 4.5-9V/ml in the solution, at PH is 2.5-4.5, temperature is further hydrolysis under 40 ℃ of-55 ℃ of conditions, and hydrolysis time is 0.5-4 hour.Second step also can be selected bromelain for use, make that the bromelain enzyme concentration is 2 ‰ in the solution after the first step enzyme hydrolysis, at PH is 6-8, temperature is under the 40-50 ℃ of condition, enzymolysis 1-4 hour, single enzymolysis method: in the sea cucumber slurries, add bromelain, make that enzyme concentration is 2 ‰ in this solution, at PH is under the 30-50 ℃ of condition for the 6-8 temperature, enzymolysis 2-6 hour.Its weak point is that the multienzyme self-dissolving system that exists in the organism is controlled effectively and utilizes.
Summary of the invention the present invention mainly is to be raw material with natural sea cucumber, utilize the sea cucumber body wall particularly in the viscera tissue cell contained endocellular enzymes such as protease carry out self-dissolving, to further degrade with exogenous enzymes from solution then, make the macro-molecular protein in the sea cucumber tissue fluid be degraded into micromolecule polypeptide or amino acid, through further Processing of Preparation beche-de-mer capsules food and method.
The preparation method of beche-de-mer capsules food of the present invention is as follows:
1, raw material and processing
The fresh sea cucumber of A inserts scissors from the sea cucumber anus, cut open along belly, and cutting should try one's best when cuing open intactly takes out sea cucumber intestine, and residue in the intestines is extruded, and with clear water sea cucumber body wall and sea cucumber intestine silt is cleaned.
B sea cucumber dry product is vertically cut the sea cucumber that bubble is sent out open along a side jaggy with scissors, remove that ginseng is chewed and the chamber in impurity, clean in clear water.
Above-mentioned clean sea cucumber and sea cucumber intestine are broken into slurries repeatedly with stainless steel meat grinder or beater, again with colloid mill the further levigate sea cucumber milk of making of sea cucumber slurries, be beneficial to tissue automatic soup-dissolving.
2 sea cucumber self-dissolvings
The pure self-dissolving of a is put into aseptic enzymatic vessel with the bright sea cucumber slurries after the fragmentation, carries out tissue automatic soup-dissolving in 0-30 ℃ of temperature, and the time is 3-48 hour.B is by the effect of UV-irradiation and sodium ion, activate the self-dissolving hydrolase that sea cucumber self exists: its condition is UV-irradiation 10-30 minute, receive with phosphoric acid hydrogen two Na ion concentration is transferred to the 0.065-0.075 mol, PH7.0-7.5, temperature 40-65 ℃ of (raising 5 ℃ in per 3 minutes) gradient temperature finished self-dissolving through about 3 hours.
The self-dissolving of C dry product sea cucumber is: the autolytic enzyme that will extract from sea cucumber intestine is as carrying out enzymolysis in the exogenous enzymes adding sea cucumber slurries:
1. the extracting method of autolytic enzyme is, the sea cucumber intestine that is rich in autolytic enzyme is smashed to pieces, be dissolved in 4-8 0.1 mol PH doubly and be in 7.0 the PBS, earlier afterwards centrifugal with ammonium sulfate precipitation 3-24 hour of 20% saturation degree, getting supernatant adds ammonium sulfate to 95% saturation degree again and saltoutd 6-24 hour, centrifugal must the precipitation of dialysing is dissolved in the above-mentioned phosphate buffer dialysis, centrifugal, above operating process with precipitation and all carrying out below 10 ℃.In-40～-46 ℃ of temperature vacuum freeze dryings, get autolytic enzyme enzyme powder afterwards.
2. the self-dissolving of dry product sea cucumber: above-mentioned autolytic enzyme powder is added in the broken sea cucumber slurries, and its addition was the 0.1-3% of sea cucumber slurries, at 15-30 ℃ of enzymolysis 6-24 hour.
3 usefulness exogenous enzymes are handled
The sea cucumber that obtains is above further degraded with exogenous enzymes such as pepsin, bromelain, trypsase, papains from solution, and actual conditions is:
A pepsin (1: 3000) vigor 7.8 * 10
5U/g, PH was the 0.05-0.4% of sea cucumber from solution for the 2.0-3.5 consumption, in 50-60 ℃ of insulation 3-5 hour.
B bromelain enzyme activity 5 * 10
5U/g PH6-8, consumption were the 0.05-0.4% of sea cucumber from solution, in 35-60 ℃ of insulation 1-5 hour.
C trypsase (1: 250) vigor 5 * 10
4μ/g PH6-9 consumption is that sea cucumber is from solution 0.05-0.4%, in 40-60 ℃ of insulation 1-5 hour.
D papain vigor 5.8 * 10
5μ/g PH5-7 consumption was the 0.05-0.3% of sea cucumber from solution, in 50-60 ℃ of insulation 1-5 hour.
4, remove peculiar smell
At PH is that 7.0-8.5, temperature are to add composite flavor protease (Flavourzyme) enzyme activity under 45-60 ℃ the condition: 4.0 * 10
5The u/g addition was the 0.5-2% of processed enzymolysis liquid weight, can remove the peculiar smell of enzymolysis liquid through 10 minutes.
5, the enzyme that goes out
Enzymolysis liquid is heated to 100 ℃, kept for 30 seconds, remove by filter impurity.
6, freeze drying
Above-mentioned sea cucumber hydrolysate is placed vacuum freeze drier, in-40～-46 ℃ of temperature dryings, till moisture≤4% of enzymolysis liquid.
Adopting said method can obtain outward appearance is light grey Powdered food of sea cucumber, and its composition is as follows:
Bioactive peptide 15-38%
Holothurin 0.5-2%
Mucopolysaccharide 1-6%
Moisture≤4%
The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:
1, enzymolysis process of the present invention is based on the sea cucumber self-dissolving, the self-dissolving rate is generally between 80-98%, the natural nutrition thing is lost drop to minimum in process, can preserve original active material in the sea cucumber to greatest extent, also reduced because of too much quoting the pollution that allogenic material produces simultaneously.The exogenous enzymes consumption is few, makes the also corresponding reduction of cost.
2, exogenous enzymes acted synergistically in the present invention also adopted, and almost used protein transduction in the tissue can be become the polypeptide or the amino acid of solubility, and utilization easily is absorbed by the body.
3, the adding of food flavor enzyme not only can be removed the peculiar smell of hydrolyzate, and has increased the local flavor of hydrolyzate.
4, adopt hypothermic lyophilization technology, Seacucumbus whole powder lighter color, the instant capacity that makes is good, the nutriment loss is few.
The specific embodiment
Example 1
Fresh sea cucumber is inserted from the sea cucumber anus with scissors, cut open along belly, cutting should try one's best when cuing open intactly takes out sea cucumber intestine, residue in the intestines is extruded, with clear water sea cucumber wall and sea cucumber intestine silt are cleaned the back and break into slurries repeatedly with beater, again with colloid mill the further levigate sea cucumber milk of making of sea cucumber slurries.Weigh 10 kilograms of sea cucumber milks and put into aseptic enzymatic vessel, 18 ℃ of temperature self-dissolvings 42 hours.Add enzyme activity 5 * 10 then
5Bromelain 13 gram of u/g transfers to 6 with 3N hydrochloric acid with PH, and heating makes temperature enzymolysis 5 hours under 58 ℃ of conditions, and then adds 0.1N NaOH PH is transferred to 7.0, is to add 50 under 60 ℃ of conditions to restrain composite flavor prolease activities 4.0 * 10 in temperature
5U/g handled 10 minutes.Above-mentioned enzymolysis liquid is heated to 100 ℃, kept 30 seconds, remove by filter impurity.It is 3.5% that above-mentioned sea cucumber hydrolysate is placed the moisture of vacuum freeze drier in-40～-46 ℃ of temperature dryings to enzymolysis liquid, and obtaining outward appearance is grayish powder, and it is food of sea cucumber.
Its composition is as follows:
Bioactive peptide 38%
Holothurin 1.9%
Mucopolysaccharide 5.4%
Moisture 3.5%
Example 2
Fresh sea cucumber is inserted from the sea cucumber anus with scissors, cut open along belly, cutting should try one's best when cuing open intactly takes out sea cucumber intestine, residue in the intestines is extruded, with clear water sea cucumber wall and sea cucumber intestine silt are cleaned the back and break into slurries repeatedly with beater, again with colloid mill the further levigate sea cucumber milk of making of sea cucumber slurries.Weigh 10 kilograms of sea cucumber milks and put into aseptic enzymatic vessel, 27 ℃ of temperature self-dissolvings 30 hours.Add enzyme activity 5 * 10 then
5Bromelain 20 gram of u/g transfers to 7.2 with 3N hydrochloric acid with PH, and heating makes temperature enzymolysis 1 hour under 46 ℃ of conditions, with adding 0.1N NaOH PH is transferred to 8.5 then, is that adding 50 restrains composite flavor prolease activities 4.0 * 10 under 45 ℃ of conditions in temperature
5U/g handled 10 minutes.Above-mentioned enzymolysis liquid is heated to 100 ℃, kept 30 seconds, remove by filter impurity.It is 3.7% that above-mentioned sea cucumber hydrolysate is placed the moisture of vacuum freeze drier in-40～-46 ℃ of temperature dryings to enzymolysis liquid, and obtaining outward appearance is grayish powder, and it is food of sea cucumber.
Its composition is as follows:
Bioactive peptide 37.1%
Holothurin 2%
Mucopolysaccharide 5.7%
Moisture 3.7%
Example 3
Repeat 1 pair of raw material of example and handle operation.Weigh the 10kg sea cucumber milk and use UV-irradiation 10 minutes.With sodium hydrogen phosphate Na ion concentration is transferred to 0.065 mol, is 7.5 at PH, temperature is raise in per 3 minutes 5 ℃ gradient temperature self-dissolving 3 hours of 40-65 ℃ of control.Adding enzyme activity then is 7.8 * 10
5Pepsin 40 gram of u/g, its PH are 3.5, temperature is an enzymolysis 5 hours under 50 ℃ of conditions, remove peculiar smell below, the enzyme that goes out, concentrate, operation that freeze drying all repeats example 1.The food of sea cucumber composition that obtains is as follows:
Bioactive peptide 37.4%
Holothurin 1.8%
Mucopolysaccharide 6.0%
Moisture 3.2%
Example 4
Repeat 1 pair of raw material of example and handle operation.Weigh the 10kg sea cucumber milk and use UV-irradiation 30 minutes.With sodium hydrogen phosphate Na ion concentration is transferred to 0.075 mol, is 7.0 at PH, temperature is raise in per 3 minutes 5 ℃ gradient temperature self-dissolving 3 hours of 40-65 ℃ of control.Adding enzyme activity then is 7.8 * 10
5Pepsin 5 gram of u/g, its PH are 2.0, temperature is an enzymolysis 3 hours under 60 ℃ of conditions, remove peculiar smell below, the enzyme that goes out, concentrate, operation that freeze drying all repeats example 2.The food of sea cucumber composition that obtains is as follows:
Bioactive peptide 36.92%
Holothurin 1.91%
Mucopolysaccharide 5.8%
Moisture 3.6%
Example 5
The sea cucumber dry product steeped send out, vertically cut open along a side of breach with cutter then, remove that ginseng is chewed and the chamber in impurity, in clear water, clean, then the sea cucumber of cleaning is broken into slurries repeatedly with beater, further levigate to make sea cucumber milk stand-by the sea cucumber slurries with colloid mill again.Operation below under being lower than 10 ℃ temperature, carrying out in addition: get sea cucumber intestine it is smashed to pieces, the 0.1 mol PH that is dissolved in 4 times is in 7.0 the PBS, earlier with the ammonium sulfate precipitation of 20% saturation degree 3 hours, centrifuging and taking supernatant afterwards, add ammonium sulfate to 95% saturation degree again and saltoutd 6 hours, centrifugal must the precipitation of dialysing.Precipitation is dissolved in dialysis, centrifugal in the above-mentioned phosphate buffer.Afterwards sediment is placed the vacuum freeze drier of-40～-46 ℃ of temperature to carry out drying, obtain autolytic enzyme enzyme powder.Get above-mentioned autolytic enzyme 10 grams and add in the above-mentioned 10kg sea cucumber slurries, 30 ℃ of temperature enzymolysis 24 hours, adding enzyme activity then was 5 * 10
4U/gPH is 6 trypsase (1: 250) in 40 ℃ of temperature enzymolysis 5 hours.Remove peculiar smell below, the enzyme that goes out, concentrate, operation that freeze drying all repeats example 1, the food of sea cucumber composition that obtains is as follows:
Bioactive peptide 15%
Holothurin 1.2%
Mucopolysaccharide 5.1%
Moisture 3.2%
Example 6
The sea cucumber dry product steeped send out, vertically cut open along a side of breach with cutter then, remove that ginseng is chewed and the chamber in impurity, in clear water, clean, then the sea cucumber of cleaning is broken into slurries repeatedly with beater, further levigate to make sea cucumber milk stand-by the sea cucumber slurries with colloid mill again.Operation below under being lower than 10 ℃ temperature, carrying out in addition: get sea cucumber intestine it is smashed to pieces, the 0.1 mol PH that is dissolved in 8 times is in 7.0 the PBS, earlier with the ammonium sulfate precipitation of 20% saturation degree 24 hours, centrifuging and taking supernatant afterwards, add ammonium sulfate to 95% saturation degree again and saltoutd 24 hours, centrifugal must the precipitation of dialysing.Precipitation is dissolved in dialysis, centrifugal in the above-mentioned phosphate buffer.Afterwards sediment is placed the vacuum freeze drier of-40～-46 ℃ of temperature to carry out drying, obtain autolytic enzyme enzyme powder.Get above-mentioned autolytic enzyme 300 grams and add in the above-mentioned 10kg sea cucumber slurries, 15 ℃ of temperature enzymolysis 6 hours, adding enzyme activity then was 5 * 10
4U/gPH is 6 trypsase (1: 250) in 40 ℃ of temperature enzymolysis 1 hour.Remove peculiar smell below, the enzyme that goes out, concentrate, operation that freeze drying all repeats example 2, the food of sea cucumber composition that obtains is as follows:
Bioactive peptide 30.2%
Holothurin 1.3%
Mucopolysaccharide 5.2%
Moisture 3.4%
Example 7
Repeat the operation of example 1, wherein exogenous enzymes is a papain enzyme activity 5.8 * 10
5U/g, the addition of enzyme is 5 grams, in 50 ℃ of temperature enzymolysis 5 hours, the food of sea cucumber composition that obtains was as follows:
Bioactive peptide 31.4%
Holothurin 1.0%
Mucopolysaccharide 5.2%
Moisture 3.1%
Example 8
Repeat the operation of example 3, wherein exogenous enzymes is a papain enzyme activity 5.8 * 10
5U/g, the addition of enzyme is 30 grams, in 65 ℃ of temperature enzymolysis 1 hour, the food of sea cucumber composition that obtains was as follows:
Bioactive peptide 30.7%
Holothurin 0.5%
Mucopolysaccharide 1%
Moisture 3.2%
Annotate: the used percentage of present specification is percetage by weight.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of preparation method of Seacucumbus whole powder food is characterized in that:
1. raw material is handled: with sea cucumber and the sea cucumber intestine making beating of cleaning, with colloid mill it is worn into sea cucumber milk again,
2. self-dissolving: a puts into aseptic enzymatic vessel with bright sea cucumber milk, in 18-30 ℃ of temperature self-dissolving 24-48 hour,
With UV-irradiation 10-30 minute, adjust Na ion concentration was the 0.065-0.075 mol to b with bright sea cucumber milk, PH7.0-7.5, and temperature 40-65 ℃ of self-dissolving 3 hours,
It is the autolytic enzyme powder of its weight 0.1-3% that c adds to dried sea-cucumber slurry, 15-30 ℃ of temperature enzymolysis 6-24 hour,
3. handle with exogenous enzymes: the sea cucumber that will obtain is above further degraded with exogenous enzymes from solution, and condition is:
A pepsin (1: 3000) vigor 7.8 * 10
5U/gPH2.0-3.5, consumption are the 0.05-0.4% of sea cucumber from solution, in 50-60 ℃ of insulation 3-5 hour,
B bromelain enzyme activity 5 * 10
5U/g, PH6-8, consumption are the 0.05-0.4% of sea cucumber from solution, in 35-60 ℃ of temperature insulation 1-5 hour,
C trypsase (1: 250) enzyme activity 5 * 10
4U/g, PH6-9, consumption are the 0.05-0.4% of sea cucumber from solution, in 40-60 ℃ of temperature insulation 1-5 hour,
D papain enzyme activity 5.8 * 10
5U/g, PH5-7, consumption are the 0.05-0.3% of sea cucumber from solution, in 50-65 ℃ of temperature insulation 1-5 hour,
4. remove peculiar smell: at PH7.0-8.5, temperature is to add composite flavor protease, enzyme activity 4.0 * 10 under the 45-60 ℃ of condition
5U/g, addition is the 0.5-2% of processed enzymolysis liquid weight, 10 minutes time,
5. enzyme goes out: enzymolysis liquid is heated to 100 ℃, kept for 30 seconds, remove by filter impurity,
6. freeze drying: above-mentioned sea cucumber hydrolysate is placed moisture≤4% of vacuum freeze drier in-40～-46 ℃ of temperature dryings to enzymolysis liquid.
2, the preparation method of Seacucumbus whole powder food according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the extracting method of autolytic enzyme is: sea cucumber intestine is smashed to pieces, be dissolved in 4-8 0.1 mol PH doubly and be in 7.0 the PBS, elder generation was with ammonium sulfate precipitation 3-24 hour of 20% saturation degree, centrifugal afterwards, getting supernatant adds ammonium sulfate to 95% saturation degree again and saltoutd 6-24 hour, centrifugal must the precipitation of dialysing, precipitation is dissolved in the above-mentioned phosphate buffer dialyses, centrifugal, more than operation is all being carried out below 10 ℃, afterwards precipitation is placed-40～-46 ℃ of temperature vacuum freeze dryings, get autolytic enzyme enzyme powder.
3, a kind of Seacucumbus whole powder food that makes according to said method is characterized in that: its composition percentage by weight is as follows:
Bioactive peptide 15-38%
Holothurin 0.5-2%
Mucopolysaccharide 1-6%
Moisture≤4%
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