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Muddiest	
  Points	
  	
  
	
  Phase	
  Diagrams	
  V:	
  Fe-­‐Fe3C	
  Phase	
  Diagram	
  Microstructures	
  

                	
  Muddiest	
  Points:	
  	
  
        • 	
   	
  I	
  don't	
  know	
  the	
  difference	
  between	
  pearlite	
  vs.	
  ferrite	
  vs.	
  
               	
  austenite	
  vs.	
  cemenDte.	
  
        • 	
   	
  What	
  is	
  the	
  difference	
  between	
  microstructure	
  and	
  
               	
  phase?	
  
        •  What	
  does	
  terminology	
  like	
  "eutectoid"	
  and	
  
           "proeutectoid"	
  mean	
  when	
  talking	
  about	
  
           microstructure?	
  	
  
        •  How	
  do	
  I	
  draw	
  microstructures	
  given	
  fracDons,	
  
           temperature	
  and	
  composiDon?	
  

        	
  
&'""#


                 9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                                         Phase	
  CalculaDons	
  
                                                                                          ()*+",-."/
                                                                                                             IK#LE3C-A5C-
	
  For	
  1076	
  steel	
  a&"""#
                             t	
  728°C	
   1000	
  
	
  	
  	
  

               Given	
  1)	
  728°C	
  	
  2)	
  1076	
  Steel	
  	
                                                               !"



                                                                          Temperature	
  
                                         !"#$"%&'(%")*+))
                                                            %""#
                                                               800	
                                    "#"$"!"""                                            Fe3C	
  +γ	
  
                                              γ	
  



                                                                                            α	
  	
                                      X                   	
  
                                                                         "#"                                                                     727°C	
  
                                                                                                        %&%''"                   %&56"

                                                                                                                                                                     Fe3C	
  
                                                            $""#
                                                               600	
  
               Microstructure:	
                                                                                   α	
  	
  +Fe3C	
  
                                                                                                                                                                              #

                                                            !""#
                                                               400	
                                                            Co	
         0.76%	
  
                                                                "#0	
  
                                                                                                                                         &#
                                                                                                                 ComposiDon-­‐	
  Wt%	
  C	
  	
   1	
                6.67	
  
                                      γ	
  
                                                                                                                                        +,#$,-./




%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
&'""#


                9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                                                  Phase	
  CalculaDons	
  
                                                                                                   ()*+",-."/
                                                                                                                           IK#LE3C-A5C-
	
  For	
  1076	
  steel	
  a&"""#
                             t	
  726°C	
   1000	
                                                   Eutectic Phase Diagram Terminology
	
  	
  	
  
                                                                                                    !"#$%&%'()%*+,#*"%#"*$'-./0'1#/'2'34'

           Given	
  1)	
  726°C	
  	
  2)	
  1076	
  Steel	
  	
                                                                                     !"
                                                                                                                                                                                                  5




                                                                                  Temperature	
  
                                                               (                                                                               !"
                                    !"#$"%&'(%")*+))
                                                              %""#
                                                               * +'
                                                                    800	
                              "#"$"!"""                                                                 Fe3C	
  +γ	
  
                                            γ	
  


                                                               ( "#"α	
  	
                                        !+!"                .$'/010)2/301",)           727°C	
        	
  
                                                                                                        !
                                                                                                        %&%''"                                   X # #"!""
                                                                                                                                             A' %&56"
                                                               *                                      0.022%	
           T	
                 A'                         U	
     ./'67'.89':;<'';




                                                                                                                         γ	
  
                                                                                                     5.$)                                                                #
                                                               ('                                                                >'                        3                    ,-./$/0'
                                                                                                                                                                                        Fe C	
  
                                                              $""#  600	
                                                                                                       1-$23' 3
               Microstructure:	
                                                                            !"#$%&#&'()#&*&')     ! + α	
  	
  +Fe3C	
  
                                                                                                                                      #"           !"#$%&#&'()#&*&')            '14250'
                                                                                                            "+)!,)&,)!"                             "+)-%)&,)#"                  ,-./$'6#3' #
                                                                                                            )                                       )                            '78.%#30'
                                       Fe3C	
  
                                                              !""# 56-+7827909"*+,-3"
                                                                 400	
                                   4.$)
                                                                  "#                                                               &#CFe C	
  6.67	
  
                                                                    0	
   Cα	

                                        56-7:7827909"*+,-3"
                                                                                     ComposiDon-­‐	
  Wt%	
  C	
  	
   Co	
            1	
  
                                                                          $%&'"
                                                                          0.022%	
      *+,-+./0+)"$123"4"()'""" 0.76%	
           $()'"         ('
                                                                                                                                                       +,#$,-./*                       3


                                                  α	
  	
         α	
                                  =/'67'.8=:;<';+7'-./02'34'                          	

                                                  α	
  
                                                                  Fe3C	
                                ,-./$/0'
                                                                  α	
                                   1-$23''
                                                                  Fe3C	
                                14250'                                                                       !"#$%&
                                                                  	
  	
  α	
                                    @!=" 3'
                                                                                                        ,-./$'6#3''                                   @#= 1- @! "
%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01                                                Fe3C	
                                78.%#30'     >?3'
&'""#                                                             &&!+#F




                                                                           9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                                     ()*+",-."/01/(1023-4)"
                                    Single	
  Phase	
  Region	
  Microstructure	
  
                                                                                                                            IK#LE3C-A5C-#
	
  For	
  1030	
  steel	
  at	
  1000°C	
                                                            &"""#             X
	
  	
                    #M#J#I###
                                        "*+$#
  Given	
  1)	
  1000°C	
  	
  2)	
  1030	
  Steel	
  	
                                                                          !"
                                                                                                                                                           !$",78/"




                                                                                           !"#$"%&'(%")*+))
                                                                                                              %""#    "#"$"!"""
                                                                                                                                                    5'5"9/"
                                                  "*"''#                                                        "#"
                                                                                                                      %&%''"      %&56"

                                                             MK#,-775C-#                                                                                                  ,78/"
                                                                                                              $""#
                                                                                                                                                                            M
  Microstructure:	
                                                                                                                            #"$",78/"

                                                                                                              !""#
                                                                                                                  "# 0.3%	
  
                                                                                                                     Co	
                 &#                  '#          (#
                                                                                                                                                                        5356)
                     γ	
                                                                                                           +,#$,-./,01)2'3)4)+)
                                                                                                                                                                      />8?>3

                                                                 "#$%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01%.*,*2(.34%*2'4()*
&'""#


                9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                                         Phase	
  CalculaDons	
  
                                                                                          ()*+",-."/
                                                                                                                                IK#LE3C-A5C-
	
  For	
  1030	
  steel	
  a&"""#
                             t	
  850°C	
   1000	
  
	
  	
  	
  

               Given	
  1)	
  850°C	
  	
  2)	
  1030	
  Steel	
  	
                       850	
  
                                                                                                       P	
  
                                                                                                                  X
                                                                                                                      	
  
                                                                                                                      Q                                       !"



                                                                         Temperature	
  
                                        !"#$"%&'(%")*+))
                                                           %""#
                                                              800	
                                    "#"$"!"""                                                                 Fe3C	
  +γ	
  
                                                γ	
  


                                                                                           α	
  	
                                                                   727°C	
     	
  
                                                                     "#"
                                                                                                       %&%''"                                               %&56"

                                                                                                                                                                                         Fe3C	
  
                                                           $""#
                                                              600	
  
                                                                                                                                              α	
  	
  +Fe3C	
  
               Microstructure:	
                                                                                                                                                                  #

                                                           !""#
                                                              400	
  
                                     γ	
                       "#  0	
   Cα	

                                                                      0.01%	
  
                                                                                                                Co	
   Cγ	
  
                                                                                                               0.3%	
           0.45%	
  
                                                                                                                                                                    &#
                                                                                                                                            ComposiDon-­‐	
  Wt%	
  C	
  	
   1	
         6.67	
  
                                                                                                                          	

                                                                                                                                                                   +,#$,-./

                                                           α	
  


%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
&'""#


    9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                            Phase	
  CalculaDons	
  
                                                                             ()*+",-."/
                                                                                                             IK#LE3C-A5C-
	
  For	
  1030	
  steel	
  a&"""#
                             t	
  728°C	
   1000	
  

  Given	
  1)	
  728°C	
  	
  2)	
  1030	
  Steel	
  	
                                                                           !"



                                                            Temperature	
  
                              !"#$"%&'(%")*+))
                                                 %""#
                                                    800	
                                 "#"$"!"""                                                    Fe3C	
  +γ	
  
                                      γ	
  


                                                                              α	
  	
     S	
                 R	
                          727°C	
     	
  
                                                          "#"                                      X
                                                                                             %&%''"                             %&56"

                                                                                                                                                               Fe3C	
  
                                                 $""#
                                                    600	
  
                                                                                                                  α	
  	
  +Fe3C	
  
   Microstructure:	
                                                                                                                                                    #

                                                 !""#
                                                    400	
                                                                0.76%	

 Cγ	
  
                      γ	
                            "# %	
  
                                                         0	
   Cα	

                                                            0.022	
  
                                                                                                  Co	
  
                                                                                                  0.3%	
  
                                                                                                                        	

           &#
                                                                                                              ComposiDon-­‐	
  Wt%	
  C	
  	
   1	
             6.67	
  

                                                                                                                                       +,#$,-./

                                                  α	
  


%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
&'""#


                 9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                                                    Phase	
  CalculaDons	
  
                                                                                                     ()*+",-."/
                                                                                                                                       IK#LE3C-A5C-
	
  For	
  1030	
  steel	
  a&"""#
                             t	
  726°C	
   1000	
  
	
  	
  	
  

               Given	
  1)	
  726°C	
  	
  2)	
  1030	
  Steel	
  	
                                                                                         !"



                                                                                    Temperature	
  
                                       !"#$"%&'(%")*+))
                                                          %""#
                                                             800	
                                                "#"$"!"""                                                     Fe3C	
  +γ	
  
                                               γ	
  


                                                                                                      α	
  	
                                                                   	
  
                                                                             "#"                                                                                   727°C	
  
                                                                                                                  0.022%	
   X
                                                                                                                     %&%''"                                %&56"




                                                                                                                                   γ	
  
                                                                                                                    T	
                      U	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                            Fe3C	
  
                                                          $""#
                                                             600	
  
                                                                                                                                             α	
  	
  +Fe3C	
  
               Microstructure:	
                                                                                                                                                                   #

                                                          !""#
                                                             400	
  
                                                              "# %	
  
                                                                0	
   Cα	

                                                                     0.022	
  
                                                                                                                            Co	
  
                                                                                                                            0.3%	
  
                                                                                                                                                                   &#
                                                                                                                                           ComposiDon-­‐	
  Wt%	
  C	
  	
   1	
             6.67	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                     CFe3C	
  
                                                                                                                                                                  +,#$,-./
                                                                                                                                                                      	

                                                                	
  	
  α	
  	
  



%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
&'""#


    9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                             Phase	
  CalculaDons	
  
                                                                              ()*+",-."/
                                                                                                            IK#LE3C-A5C-
	
  For	
  10100	
  steel	
  &"""#
                             at	
  728°C	
   1000	
  

   Given	
  1)	
  78°C	
  	
  2)	
  10100	
  Steel	
  	
                                                                              !"



                                                             Temperature	
  
                                !"#$"%&'(%")*+))
                                                   %""#
                                                      800	
                                                                                              Fe3C	
  +γ	
  
                                                                                            "#"$"!"""
                                        γ	
  


                                                                               α	
  	
                                727°C	
                     	
  
                                                                                                                                                  W X    	
      V	
  
                                                         "#"
                                                                                              %&%''"                                %&56"




                                                                                                           γ	
  
                                                                                           0.022%	
  
                                                                                                                                                                  Fe3C	
  
                                                   $""#
                                                      600	
  
                                                                                                                      α	
  	
  +Fe3C	
  
   Microstructure:	
                                                                                                                                                      #

                                                   !""#
                                                      400	
  
                        γ	
                            "#0	
                                     ComposiDon-­‐	
  Wt%	
  C	
  	
   Cγ	
           &#CFe C	
  6.67	
  
                                                                                                                                                        1	
  
                                                                                                                                                  Co	
  1%	
  
                                                                                                                                      0.76%	
                 3
                                                                                                                                           +,#$,-./
                                                                                                                                               	

          Fe3C	
  



%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
&'""#


     9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                                  Phase	
  CalculaDons	
  
                                                                                   ()*+",-."/
                                                                                                            IK#LE3C-A5C-
	
  For	
  10100	
  steel	
  &"""#
                             at	
  726°C	
   1000	
  

   Given	
  1)	
  726°C	
  	
  2)	
  10100	
  Steel	
  	
  
                                                                                                                                        !"



                                                                   Temperature	
  
                             !"#$"%&'(%")*+))
                                                %""#
                                                   800	
                                         "#"$"!"""                                         Fe3C	
  +γ	
  
                                      γ	
  


                                                                                     α	
  	
                         727°C	
                       	
  
                                                               "#"                                                                               X
                                                                                                   %&%''"
                                                                                                 0.022%	
  
                                                                                                                      Z	
             %&56"             Y	
  




                                                                                                           γ	
  
                                                                                                                                                              Fe3C	
  
                                                $""#
                                                   600	
  
                                                                                                                        α	
  	
  +Fe3C	
  
   Microstructure:	
                                                                                                                                                #

                                                !""#
                                                   400	
  
                                                    "#0	
   Cα	

                                                            0.022%	
  
                                                                                                      ComposiDon-­‐	
  Wt%	
  C	
  	
          &#CFe C	
  6.67	
  
                                                                                                                                                 1	
  
                                                                                                                                               Co	
  1%	
  
                                                                                                                                                          3
                                                                                                                                             +,#$,-./
                                                                                                                                                 	

                                                              Fe3C	
  



%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
&'""#
                                                                           Summary	
  of	
  Eutectoid	
  Microstructures	
  	
  



                                            9-8?-72CE7-#F
                                                                                                ()*+",-."/01/(1023-4
                                                                                                IK#LE3C-A5C-#
                    γ	
                                                     &"""#
$#                                                                                                      X	
  
     α	
  	
                                                                                                           !"                                        !$",78/"
                                                                                                        X	
  
                                                                     !"#$"%&'(%")*+))   %""#          "#"$"!"""
                                        α	
                                                                                                           5'5"9/"
                     γ	
                                                                    "#"          X	
           X	
     X	
  
                     γ	
                                                                                 X	
  
                                                                                                       %&%''"          X	
     X	
  
                                                α	
                                                                   %&56"                              Fe3C	
  
      α	
                                                                                                                                                γ	
  
 -775C-#
                                                                                        $""#
                                                                                                                                       #"$",78/"
                                                                                                                                               γ	
  
                    γ	
  
                     γ	
  
                                      α	
  
                                                 α	
                                    !""#
                             α	
                                                            "#ComposiDon-­‐	
  Wt%	
  C	
  	
   &#                                  '#
     α	
  	
                                                                                                            +,#$,-./,01)2'3)4)+) Fe3C	
  

                                    α	
                                                                                                   α	
  	
  

                            α	
                 α	
  
 "#$%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01%.*,*2(.34
                                                         α	
  	
                                                                              Fe3C	
  
        α	
  	
                         Fe3C	
  
Muddiest	
  Points	
  	
  
	
  Phase	
  Diagrams	
  V:	
  Fe-­‐Fe3C	
  Phase	
  Diagram	
  Microstructures	
  

                	
  Muddiest	
  Points:	
  	
  
        • 	
   	
  I	
  don't	
  know	
  the	
  difference	
  between	
  pearlite	
  vs.	
  ferrite	
  vs.	
  
               	
  austenite	
  vs.	
  cemenDte.	
  
        • 	
   	
  What	
  is	
  the	
  difference	
  between	
  microstructure	
  and	
  
               	
  phase?	
  
        •  What	
  does	
  terminology	
  like	
  "eutectoid"	
  and	
  
           "proeutectoid"	
  mean	
  when	
  talking	
  about	
  
           microstructure?	
  	
  
        •  How	
  do	
  I	
  draw	
  microstructures	
  given	
  fracDons,	
  
           temperature	
  and	
  composiDon?	
  

        	
  

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MSEASUSlides: Muddiest Point: Phase Diagrams V Fe-Fe3C Microstructures S…

  • 1. Muddiest  Points      Phase  Diagrams  V:  Fe-­‐Fe3C  Phase  Diagram  Microstructures    Muddiest  Points:     •     I  don't  know  the  difference  between  pearlite  vs.  ferrite  vs.    austenite  vs.  cemenDte.   •     What  is  the  difference  between  microstructure  and    phase?   •  What  does  terminology  like  "eutectoid"  and   "proeutectoid"  mean  when  talking  about   microstructure?     •  How  do  I  draw  microstructures  given  fracDons,   temperature  and  composiDon?    
  • 2. &'""# 9-8?-72CE7-#F Phase  CalculaDons   ()*+",-."/ IK#LE3C-A5C-  For  1076  steel  a&"""# t  728°C   1000         Given  1)  728°C    2)  1076  Steel     !" Temperature   !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# 800   "#"$"!""" Fe3C  +γ   γ   α     X   "#" 727°C   %&%''" %&56" Fe3C   $""# 600   Microstructure:   α    +Fe3C   # !""# 400   Co   0.76%   "#0   &# ComposiDon-­‐  Wt%  C     1   6.67   γ   +,#$,-./ %&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
  • 3. &'""# 9-8?-72CE7-#F Phase  CalculaDons   ()*+",-."/ IK#LE3C-A5C-  For  1076  steel  a&"""# t  726°C   1000   Eutectic Phase Diagram Terminology       !"#$%&%'()%*+,#*"%#"*$'-./0'1#/'2'34' Given  1)  726°C    2)  1076  Steel     !" 5 Temperature   ( !" !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# * +' 800   "#"$"!""" Fe3C  +γ   γ   ( "#"α     !+!" .$'/010)2/301",) 727°C     ! %&%''" X # #"!"" A' %&56" * 0.022%   T   A' U   ./'67'.89':;<''; γ   5.$) # (' >' 3 ,-./$/0' Fe C   $""# 600   1-$23' 3 Microstructure:   !"#$%&#&'()#&*&') ! + α    +Fe3C   #" !"#$%&#&'()#&*&') '14250' "+)!,)&,)!" "+)-%)&,)#" ,-./$'6#3' # ) ) '78.%#30' Fe3C   !""# 56-+7827909"*+,-3" 400   4.$) "# &#CFe C  6.67   0   Cα 56-7:7827909"*+,-3" ComposiDon-­‐  Wt%  C     Co   1   $%&'" 0.022%   *+,-+./0+)"$123"4"()'""" 0.76%   $()'" (' +,#$,-./* 3 α     α   =/'67'.8=:;<';+7'-./02'34' α   Fe3C   ,-./$/0' α   1-$23'' Fe3C   14250' !"#$%&    α   @!=" 3' ,-./$'6#3'' @#= 1- @! " %&$'()*+%,&-'./*01 Fe3C   78.%#30' >?3'
  • 4. &'""# &&!+#F 9-8?-72CE7-#F ()*+",-."/01/(1023-4)" Single  Phase  Region  Microstructure   IK#LE3C-A5C-#  For  1030  steel  at  1000°C   &"""# X     #M#J#I### "*+$# Given  1)  1000°C    2)  1030  Steel     !" !$",78/" !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# "#"$"!""" 5'5"9/" "*"''# "#" %&%''" %&56" MK#,-775C-# ,78/" $""# M Microstructure:   #"$",78/" !""# "# 0.3%   Co   &# '# (# 5356) γ   +,#$,-./,01)2'3)4)+) />8?>3 "#$%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01%.*,*2(.34%*2'4()*
  • 5. &'""# 9-8?-72CE7-#F Phase  CalculaDons   ()*+",-."/ IK#LE3C-A5C-  For  1030  steel  a&"""# t  850°C   1000         Given  1)  850°C    2)  1030  Steel     850   P   X   Q !" Temperature   !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# 800   "#"$"!""" Fe3C  +γ   γ   α     727°C     "#" %&%''" %&56" Fe3C   $""# 600   α    +Fe3C   Microstructure:   # !""# 400   γ   "# 0   Cα 0.01%   Co   Cγ   0.3%   0.45%   &# ComposiDon-­‐  Wt%  C     1   6.67   +,#$,-./ α   %&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
  • 6. &'""# 9-8?-72CE7-#F Phase  CalculaDons   ()*+",-."/ IK#LE3C-A5C-  For  1030  steel  a&"""# t  728°C   1000   Given  1)  728°C    2)  1030  Steel     !" Temperature   !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# 800   "#"$"!""" Fe3C  +γ   γ   α     S   R   727°C     "#" X %&%''" %&56" Fe3C   $""# 600   α    +Fe3C   Microstructure:   # !""# 400   0.76% Cγ   γ   "# %   0   Cα 0.022   Co   0.3%   &# ComposiDon-­‐  Wt%  C     1   6.67   +,#$,-./ α   %&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
  • 7. &'""# 9-8?-72CE7-#F Phase  CalculaDons   ()*+",-."/ IK#LE3C-A5C-  For  1030  steel  a&"""# t  726°C   1000         Given  1)  726°C    2)  1030  Steel     !" Temperature   !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# 800   "#"$"!""" Fe3C  +γ   γ   α       "#" 727°C   0.022%   X %&%''" %&56" γ   T   U   Fe3C   $""# 600   α    +Fe3C   Microstructure:   # !""# 400   "# %   0   Cα 0.022   Co   0.3%   &# ComposiDon-­‐  Wt%  C     1   6.67   CFe3C   +,#$,-./    α     %&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
  • 8. &'""# 9-8?-72CE7-#F Phase  CalculaDons   ()*+",-."/ IK#LE3C-A5C-  For  10100  steel  &"""# at  728°C   1000   Given  1)  78°C    2)  10100  Steel     !" Temperature   !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# 800   Fe3C  +γ   "#"$"!""" γ   α     727°C     W X   V   "#" %&%''" %&56" γ   0.022%   Fe3C   $""# 600   α    +Fe3C   Microstructure:   # !""# 400   γ   "#0   ComposiDon-­‐  Wt%  C     Cγ   &#CFe C  6.67   1   Co  1%   0.76%   3 +,#$,-./ Fe3C   %&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
  • 9. &'""# 9-8?-72CE7-#F Phase  CalculaDons   ()*+",-."/ IK#LE3C-A5C-  For  10100  steel  &"""# at  726°C   1000   Given  1)  726°C    2)  10100  Steel     !" Temperature   !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# 800   "#"$"!""" Fe3C  +γ   γ   α     727°C     "#" X %&%''" 0.022%   Z   %&56" Y   γ   Fe3C   $""# 600   α    +Fe3C   Microstructure:   # !""# 400   "#0   Cα 0.022%   ComposiDon-­‐  Wt%  C     &#CFe C  6.67   1   Co  1%   3 +,#$,-./ Fe3C   %&$'()*+%,&-'./*01
  • 10. &'""# Summary  of  Eutectoid  Microstructures     9-8?-72CE7-#F ()*+",-."/01/(1023-4 IK#LE3C-A5C-# γ   &"""# $# X   α     !" !$",78/" X   !"#$"%&'(%")*+)) %""# "#"$"!""" α   5'5"9/" γ   "#" X   X   X   γ   X   %&%''" X   X   α   %&56" Fe3C   α   γ   -775C-# $""# #"$",78/" γ   γ   γ   α   α   !""# α   "#ComposiDon-­‐  Wt%  C     &# '# α     +,#$,-./,01)2'3)4)+) Fe3C   α   α     α   α   "#$%&$'()*+%,&-'./*01%.*,*2(.34 α     Fe3C   α     Fe3C  
  • 11. Muddiest  Points      Phase  Diagrams  V:  Fe-­‐Fe3C  Phase  Diagram  Microstructures    Muddiest  Points:     •     I  don't  know  the  difference  between  pearlite  vs.  ferrite  vs.    austenite  vs.  cemenDte.   •     What  is  the  difference  between  microstructure  and    phase?   •  What  does  terminology  like  "eutectoid"  and   "proeutectoid"  mean  when  talking  about   microstructure?     •  How  do  I  draw  microstructures  given  fracDons,   temperature  and  composiDon?