25 Novels Based on True Stories

If Hollywood ever had royalty, Cary Grant was it. With good looks, charisma, talent, and sophistication in unparalleled combination, the actor, who began his career as a circus performer, remains one of the United States’ most indelible screen idols. And yet that gilded persona masked a myriad of contradictions. Even after he became a great actor, the working-class Englishman born Archibald Alexander Leach experienced a tremendous darkness he long struggled to conquer. This fictionalized and sympathetic biographical novel focuses on a turbulent period when Grant turned to experimental LSD therapies to address his troubles by journeying inward.

Like many of the characters she invented, Dame Agatha Christie was once the center of her own unhappy domestic intrigue. Just hours following her husband’s announcement that he was leaving her and marrying his mistress, developments to which she strenuously objected, Christie left her dog and her daughter at home and disappeared without explanation. That evening, her car was found abandoned in a ditch. Soon the whole nation was captivated and her errant husband under suspicion. Though she was found safe in a hotel after being missing for 11 days, little is known of what happened to Christie in the interim. It’s the one mystery she refused to solve to public satisfaction. De Gramont imagines what might have transpired, filling in the gaps of the scandal and adding a murder mystery enriched by psychological suspense.

On the surface, a historical novel depicting the role of women in the Haitian revolution would seem to have little in common with Viola Davis’s blockbuster The Woman King. But these works share a common DNA. Both are fictionalizations of the lives of female legends of the Kingdom of Dahomey. While the movie is a larger-than-life heroic depiction of women warriors who fought against French colonizers in the country now known as Benin, the novel is a meticulously researched and more intimate portrait of a pivotal time in history when a Dahomey soldier became one of two key female figures in the Haitian fight for freedom.

This masterful novel blends espionage, domestic drama, and murder. The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the final coda to the Cold War and ushered in massive geopolitical and social change. But those events also impacted the lives of millions of people in more intimate ways. In addition to shifting the borders of nations, it dismantled the state spy apparatus known as the Stasi, putting a treasure trove of sensitive secrets up for grabs, and precipitating a mad scramble by potential state buyers including the USA and the Soviet Union. This multilayered murder mystery captures what happened in the region formerly known as East Germany both on a political level—including how the cache of secrets ultimately found its way to the CIA—and a personal one, showing how these world events affected individuals, from the perspective of an unusual protagonist, a sympathetic East German spy with a complicated and messy home life.

Obliterating the line between literary and crime fiction, a Japanese legend makes a riveting English language debut. This epic novel sold more than a million copies and garnered overwhelming critical praise in its initial release. With its panoramic yet incisive view into Japanese society, it’s a perfect example of how the best of crime fiction provides insight into why crime happens. In this mainstay of Japanese literature, the question is not just who dunnit but why.

In this juicy and propulsive debut novel, turning her personal account into a gossip blog turns an influencer’s life topsy-turvy. Based on the popular and infamous Instagram influencer known as Deuxmoi, this carnival ride of a novel explores the world of celebrity culture and social media from a refreshingly critical and informed view.

Belle da Costa Greene, born Belle Greener, lived much of her remarkable life on the shadowy margins of America's highest echelons, so it’s fitting that her remembrance is also extraordinary. Though she languished in obscurity for decades, there are now two books—Belle Greene, by Alexandra Lapierre, and The Personal Librarian, published just one year apart—devoted to memorializing her legacy. Both are explorations of two of America’s favorite obsessions: race and reinvention. Though Greene attempted to erase herself from the narrative by burning her personal papers, these two extraordinary novels are dedicated to telling her story. Both books tell the real-life story of “passing” that I’ve thought about for a long time after reading. I wonder whether the authors truly captured the essence of person they based the story on, but there’s no doubt they created a compelling narrative that stands on its own. From biographical sources and related histories, this story seems more pristine and reverential, less reckless, less restive, and slightly less compelling in her humanity than the person they set out to study.

Some of America’s ugliest and most contested episodes involve the intersection of healthcare and the legal system. When sex and race are intertwined, the conflict grows all the more heated. Perkins-Valdez based her novel on a true case of involuntary sterilization that revives issues that still swirl around the idea of reproductive freedom today. New birth control methods have brought greater freedom, but they’ve also made marginalized women, many of whom are Black or brown, vulnerable to targeting by people who want to change America’s racial makeup: “When birth control was becoming more widely available to women, it was sort of a double-edged sword…on the one hand, it promised reproductive control and freedom, but on the other hand, it was possibly going to be used as a form of repression and eugenics.”

Nancy Wake was a glittering socialite with a glamorous career as a writer for Hearst. She was also a spy who killed a man with her bare hands and one of the most decorated women of World War II.

Hélène was just one of her aliases. Lucienne Carlier was another, the name Nancy used to smuggle people and documents across the French border. Singled out for distinction by both Kirkus Reviews and Publishers Weekly, this thriller tells the exciting and moving story of the reporter and Australian expat turned spy.

This is an all-American story in the best sense of the term. When Jacqueline Bouvier married John F. Kennedy, it was the society event of the season. Even the highly scrutinized and celebrated dress secured a place in history. The talented woman who designed the piece of fashion history was Ann Lowe, a Black woman raised in Jim Crow Alabama, who learned to sew from her own mother and her formerly enslaved grandmother, both legendary seamstresses in their own right. Now this fascinating artist is enjoying renewed and long overdue attention, thanks to this moving novel by Huguley, a storyteller and chronicler of African American history.

Slimani was so enthralled with the true tale of Yoselyn Ortega, the New York City nanny who murdered two children under her care in 2012, that she turned it into this award-winning bestseller. The French Moroccan author moved the story to her own home of Paris and focused her lens on the relationship between the grieving mother and the "perfect nanny" she regrettably trusted with her young son and daughter.

Lucie and Suzanne are step-sisters in love, a complicated and uncouth scenario in the early-to-mid 1900s. The pair move to progressive Paris to reinvent themselves, where they become surrealist artists and change their names. Now going by Claude Cahun, Lucie is recognized for her gender-bending photography and Suzanne's alter-ego Marcel Moore narrates their life spent cohabitating and collaborating. This fictionalized retelling of the real couple's relationship is populated with other famous figures of the lost generation and plays out their resistance against antisemitism, as well as their eventual imprisonment by the Nazis.

For most of her life, Melita Norwood got away with treason. The British civil servant provided Russian intelligence with private information before retiring and going into hiding. But in 1999, at age 87, Norwood (alias: Red Joan) was found. In her fictionalized novel, author Rooney begins with Red Joan's late-in-life questioning by the MI5 and flashes back to when she made the life-defining decision to work with the Russians. A 2019 film adaptation based on the novel has Judi Dench and Sophie Cookson playing the titular Red Joan through different eras of her life.

That Toews's Women Talking, now an award-winning film by the same name, is based in truth makes it that much more difficult to read—but if you’re able to stomach the multiple abuses a group of Mennonite girls and women are forced to endure in the mid-2000s, you'll agree she was preordained to tell this story. The author, who left the church at 18, said she felt compelled to write the novel after hearing about those in a Manitoba Colony of Bolivia who had been repeatedly anesthetized and sexually assaulted, only to be told by the perpetrators they were hysterical. The women seek retribution in the novel like they did in real life, but the reckoning that occurs has them questioning their previously unshakable faith.

War correspondent Martha Gellhorn met Ernest Hemingway in 1936, and, despite Hemingway's marriage to journalist Pauline Pfeiffer, their flirtatious friendship quickly became romantic. Their own eventual marriage was tumultuous, which, of course, makes for a great read—especially with Clayton's talent for taking years of research and spinning it into something sexy. Nicole Kidman and Clive Owen starred in a 2012 take on their relationship, Hemingway & Gellhorn, but Beautiful Exiles further explores who Gellhorn was in her own right.

When Lorena "Hick" Hickok was sent to the White House to report on First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, she wasn't expecting to fall in love. The secret relationship took place for years, with details only having emerged in posthumously published love letters between the two women. Bloom's novel fictionalizes their lengthy romance from Hick's point of view, sharing juicy details about the era of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, including his own extramarital affairs.

American journalist Varian Fry was so incensed by the Holocaust that he left the States and helped to found the Emergency Rescue Committee, a volunteer-run network that helped persecuted artists, writers, and thinkers out of Nazi-occupied France. In The Flight Portfolio, Orringer imagines Fry's experiences convincing the likes of Hannah Arendt, Max Ernst, and Marcel Duchamp that relocating to the States was the only option, while simultaneously struggling with the return of a (fictional) old flame. Fry is conflicted when this past love reemerges.

Lizzie Borden's life story is based on lore as much as it is documented history, and has been told several different ways both on the page and screen. Schmidt's take is from four individual vantage points, one of which is Borden herself. The writing is gorgeously grotesque in its description of a claustrophobic household that leads a stifled young woman to murder her father and his wife.

Jesmyn Ward, author of Oprah's 103rd Book Club Pick, Let Us Descend, based her second novel on the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, something she, unfortunately, experienced firsthand. The rich detail Ward provides in this 2011 National Book Awards–winning story is largely due to these devastating circumstances, but gives the story an authenticity to accompany its candor. Narrator Esch is 15 and pregnant, living with her brothers and father in a fictional dilapidated part of Mississippi called Bois Sauvage. As Katrina descends, the family barricades themselves inside, and while they're dealing with more than just the impending storm, the stakes are much higher because of it.

Cline's debut novel has a lot in common with the story of Charles Manson and the young women who quickly became his devotees. Set in the summer of the late '60s, not long before the violent killing of actress Sharon Tate, the fictional Evie becomes enchanted with Suzanne, an enigmatic personality she discovers in a Los Angeles park. Evie's infatuation soon has her following Suzanne into a cult led by the Manson-esque Russell, who has his members doing his murderous bidding. It's up to Evie if she'll be able to go through with all that is asked of her, and readers will be ravenous in finding out for themselves.