Borders are too straight and unlikely. How close will you settle for?
Or colonialism.Nuclear war?
Or colonialism.
Sorry, it may seem like I'm trolling...
Maybe no Jewish Rebellion and Diaspora?
Yeah, that's the best option. No Jewish revolt, and a Roman successor state, centred in Judaea and ruled by a dynasty of converted Roman generals, conquers much of the Middle East.
A greater Israel where Jews are a small minority...should work well. Not.
A greater Israel where Jews are a small minority...should work well. Not.
Well, it depends how early a POD you can tolerate. Judaism is well suited for demographic explosion, being a patriarchal religion with polygamy permitted and most of its religious heroes fathering numerous children. Arguably it's better for this purpose than Islam, focusing on expanding the Chosen People through reproduction rather than converting or conquering outsiders. Its connections to the Hebrew State are strong (the King of Israel is literally* the Anointed One, chosen by God and operating with the full authority of the Temple) and it's not hard to imagine them doing much better in the Iron Age period, whether or not you consider their biblical zenith historical.
Judaism does also have a built-in mechanism that permits land outside the Promised Land to be taken by individual households providing they serve militarily - it's easy to see this becoming a formal system that would give a successful Hebrew state a pretty substantial motive for expansion.
I did have a vague scenario for this entitled 'Midrash World' that I was sure I had posted here, but maybe not as I don't seem to be able to find it. There a Hebrew state forms the basis for an east med empire that Hebraises the surrounding Anatolian and Egyptian states. I eventually dumped it as I didn't have a better POD than 'Hebrews get their hands on more chariots earlier'.
* Correct usage - 'Anointed' here refers to literal oil being poured on your literal head as part of the coronation.