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Localization and Diverse Distribution of Fish Lectins

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Aquatic Lectins

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Abstract

The source of lectins derived from the marine environment is found both intracellularly and extracellularly in biological fluids such as serum and mucus. The lectins that are found to play an important role in defense mechanisms are present in both invertebrates and vertebrates such as fish. The localization and diversification of the fish lectins are mainly dependent on their gene expression or evolution. The lectin is localized in the stomach, gill, intestine, egg, serum, and plasma of different families of fish apart from the mucosal layer of fish. Lectins play an important role in the cell regulation via glycoconjugates and they specify their part in host–pathogen interactions and cell–cell communications because they identify proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids which are special carbohydrate structures. Lectins exist in the frontier organs and tissues that demarcate the body from the outer environment and they are present in various parts such as the epidermal club cells of the skin, wall of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and gills where they become the foremost part of the biological defense system. This review deals with the localization and distribution of lectins in various body parts of the fish.

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Abbreviations

AFP:

Antifreeze proteins

CRD:

Carbohydrate recognition domain

CTL:

C-type lectins

CTLD:

C-type lectin-like domain

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

FTL:

Fucose type lectin

GANL:

Homomultimeric glycolipoprotein

gcIntL:

Grass carp intelectin

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharides

ORF:

Open Reading Frame

RbFEL:

Rock bream fish-egg lectin

RBL:

Lectin binding to l-rhamnose

RTLL:

Rainbow trout ladder lectins

SsLec:

Sebastes schlegelii lectin

YGR:

Yeast Glutathione Reductase

Zfel:

Zebrafish fish-egg lectin

zITLN:

Zebrafish intelectin 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies Kochi, Kerala, India

    J. C. Anjana

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  1. Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India

    Preetham Elumalai

  2. Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Baskaralingam Vaseeharan

  3. School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Cochin, Kerala, India

    Sreeja Lakshmi

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Anjana, J.C. (2022). Localization and Diverse Distribution of Fish Lectins. In: Elumalai, P., Vaseeharan, B., Lakshmi, S. (eds) Aquatic Lectins. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0432-5_4

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